Individual Learning Styles and Strategies

Individual Learning Styles and Strategies Learners As Individual What is Learners as individual What is an individual learner and what do they look like? To answer this question, I need the meanings given by many educators. Howe other learners can become the individual learners? In sum, I believe that the individual who is to be educated is a social individual and that society is an organic union of individuals. If we eliminate the social factor from the child we are left only with an abstraction; if we eliminate the individual factor from society, we are left only with an inert and lifeless mass. Education, therefore, must begin with a psychological insight into the childs capacities, interests, and habits John Dewey, from My Pedagogic Creed, School Journal vol. 54, (January 1897), pp. 77-80 An individual is a person or any specific object in a collection. In the 15th century and earlier, and also today within the fields of statistics and metaphysics, individual means indivisible, typically describing any numerically singular thing, but sometimes meaning a person. (q.v. The problem of proper names). From the seventeenth century on, individual indicates separateness, as in individualism. Individuality is the state or quality of being an individual; a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs, goals, and desires. Gracia, Jorge J. E. (1988) Learner is an individual involved in the acquisition of knowledge or skills in a technological learning system.Legendre, (2000:1) It is not concerned with one specific method, but allows for any method which the individual leaner finds beneficial to his learning purposes. Fenner Newby (2000) I, from the meanings given above, conclude that learners as individual is the learning styles that learners seek to the new modern learning strategies and they can learn autonomous. This styles include with personality, intelligence, attitude and attitude. They just get the rough guidance from the teacher in the class and then they and bring it to be increased and link or integrate with other fields. These learners have to often practice themselves as it be their habits. A learning style is an individuals preferred way of learning. What are Learning Styles? Before we deeply study into how to best advantages from making your learning style out, we need to spend a few moments studying the several types of learning styles and how to best identify which learning style group you appropiate into. Learning styles point to the variance in your ability to amass as well as incorporate information. Basically, your learning style is the method that best allows you to gain and use knowledge in a specific manner. Most experts agree that there are three basic learning styles. Each individual may holds a single style or could possess a joining of different learning styles. In most cases, the personalities of a learning style can even be noticed at a quite young age. Once you have identified your particular learning style you will be able to identify ways in which you can adapt the learning process and your studies to maximize your education. Visual Learners Individuals who fall into this type usually learn through what they are able to see with their own eyes. Visual learners are those students who navigate for the positions at the front of the class, must have front row theater seats and love to be right up front for sporting events in order to get the best view. Visual learners have a orientation to describe everything that they see in terms of exposures. These learners love visual medias such as photos, diagrams, maps and graphs. They habitually are good writers and will commonly perform quite well on written assignments. Auditory Learners Auditory learners are very good listeners. They tend to consume information in a more proficient manner through sounds, music, discussions, teachings, etc. These individuals will be more probable to record lesson so that they can revision them at a later time for study goals. They recognize books on tape and may find that reading aloud will help them to keep information. Rather than written statement, auditory learners tend to do better on verbal presentations and reports. Kinesthetic Learners Kinesthetic learners are tactile learning. This means that they learn best through moving, doing, acting out and touching. Projects that are acted in nature are best for kinesthetic learners. They tend to become thwarted when they must sit for long phases of time. They enjoy deportment experiments, exploring and accomplishing tasks. These students are independent and seek for the missing knowledge by themselves. They may have characteristics listed below; They are able to break up an organized visual field and keep part of it separate. surpass at retrieving names. conceive visual cues and are better at math. prefer learning surroundings that require least interaction. enjoy discovery learning and individualized self-paced learning. are more likely to be males. My Experience with the individual learners. I can much less meet students like this in my classroom, for my being Thai traditional condition teacher. Thailand has the specific cultural for the younger men have to express their respect to the elder ones. My students gain knowledge just in the limitation of curriculum and the instruction I have given. The materials related to the identity of individual learning are also lack. It may be caused by the poor country and the condition of environment that Thai students are the students in the developing country-that means have not been developed yet. However, I think this can be developed and changed by changing the crisis to become the chance. We can see various problems and this is the chance to diagnose and resolve them. Its the time to take together between teacher and students. Individual learners must consist with personality, intelligence, psychology and behavior. All the aspects must be deal together by realizing the differences of individual. Strategies to be learners as individual   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are activities might guide the learners to be independent and individual. They can be flexible , not arranged in orders, depending on their readiness and which condition. There are 16 strategies shown here. Readiness / Ability Teachers can use a variety of evaluation to find a students ability or readiness. Also, to learn new knowledge concepts students may be generally working below or above level or may be purely lack necessary required skills. Changing the level of query and thinking skills and compacting the curriculum and are useful strategies for accommodating differences in ability or readiness. Adjusting Questions During large group discussion activities, teachers indicate the higher level questions to the students who can deal them and adjust questions accordingly for student with greater needs. All students are answering important questions that demand them to think but the questions are goaled towards the students ability or readiness level. With written test the teacher may assign specific questions for each group of students. They all answer the same number of questions but the involvement needed varies from group to group. However, the alternative to go a parted from minimum requirements can be available for any or all students who indicate that they require an additional challenge for own their level. Condensing Curriculum Condensing the curriculum means assessing a students knowledge, skills and attitudes and providing alternative activities for the student who has already mastered curriculum content. This can be accomplished by pre-testing basic concepts or using performance assessment methods. Students who demonstrate that they do not require instruction move on to tiered problem solving activities while others receive instruction. Row Assignments Row activities are a series of related tasks of varying complexity. All of these activities relate to crucial understanding and key skills that students need to acquire. Teachers assign the activities as alternative ways of achieving the same goals taking into account individual student needs. Acceleration/Deceleration Accelerating or decelerating the step that students move through syllabus is another way of differentiating instruction. Students demonstrating a high level of competence can work through the curriculum at a faster step. Students facing difficulties may need adjusted activities that allow for a slower step in order to experience success. Flexible Grouping As student performance will transform it is important to permit movement between groups. Students readiness varies depending on personal intellects and interests, so we must remain open to the concept that a student may be below grade level in one subject at the same time as being above grade level in another subject. Even highly talented students can benefit from flexible grouping. Always they benefit from work with intellectual peers, while seldom in another group they can experience being a leader. In either case peer-teaching is a valuable strategy for group-work. Peer Teaching Many times a student may have personal needs that require one-one instruction that go beyond the needs of his or her partners. After gaining this extra instruction the student could be selected as the inhabitant expert for that concept or skill and can get valuable practice by being given the chance to re-teach the concept to peers. In these situation both students can get benefit. Learning Profiles/Styles Another filter for assigning students to tasks is by learning style, such as adjusting preferred environment such as quiet, lower lighting, formal/casual seating, or learning modality: auditory (learns best by hearing information) visual (learns best through seeing information in charts or pictures) or kinesthetic preferences (learns best by using concrete examples, or may need to move around while learning) or through personal interests. Since student motivation is also a specific element in learning, understanding individual learning styles and interests will grant teachers to apply right strategies for developing intrinsic motivational techniques. Student Interest Interest surveys are often used for determining student interest. Brainstorming for subtopics within a curriculum concept and using semantic network to explore interesting aspect of the concept is another effective tool. This is also an effective way of teaching students how to focus on a manageable subtopic. Reading Buddies This strategy is particularly useful for younger students and/or students with reading obstacle. Children get additional practice and experience reading away from the teacher as they develop fluency and comprehension. It is important that students read with a specific purpose in mind and then have an opportunity to discuss what was read. It is not essential for reading buddies to always be at the same reading level. Students with varying word recognition, word analysis and comprehension skills can help each other be more successful. Adjusted follow up tasks are also assigned based on readiness level. Independent Study Projects Independent Study is a research project where students learn how to develop the skills for independent learning. The degree of help and structure will vary between students and depend on their ability to manage ideas, time and creativity. A adjustment of the independent study is the buddy study. Buddy Studies A buddy study permits two or three students to work together on a project. The expectation is that all may share the research and analysis information but each student must consummate an individual output to demonstrate learning that has taken place and be answerable for their own planning, time management and individual accomplishment. Learning Contracts A learning contract is a written understanding between teacher and student that will effect in students working independently. The contract helps students to set daily and weekly work goals and develop management skills. It also helps the teacher to keep evidence of each students advance. The certain assignments will vary according to personal student needs. Learning Centers Learning Centers have been used by teachers for a long time and may contain both differentiated and compulsory activities. However a learning centre is not necessarily differentiated unless the activities are varied by difficulty taking in to account different student ability and readiness. It is important that students understand what is expected of them at the learning centre and are inspired to manage their use of time. The degree of structure that is provided will vary according to student independent work habits. At the end of each week students should be able to account for their use of time. Anchoring Activities A student can do these activities at any time when they have completed present assignments or it can be assigned for a short period at the beginning of each class as students arrange themselves and prepare for work. These activities may be related to specific needs or improvement opportunities, including problems to solve or journals to write. They could also be part of a long-term project that a student is working on. In conclusion, learners as individual is the one of methods encouraged the instructional progress. The characteristics defined the individual learners are given various by educators. They can be added and developed or also cut. These behaviors can be raise by the agreement of teacher and student. Learners as individual is also related to the research of many psychologists realizing the individual differences and it also includes with the assessment. We should assessment the students outcomes by be aware of their individual differences. Reference Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles http://www.futureknowledge.org/background/the-perspective-of-the-individual-learner http://www.instructorweb.com/info/learnstyles.asp http://www.learning-styles-online.com/overview http://people.usd.edu/~ssanto/styles.html http://www.lsda.org.uk/files/PDF/1543.pdfhttp://www.questia.com/Index.jsp http://www.saba.com/education/individual_learners.htm http://www.tefl.net/esl-articles/learning-styles.htm Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: A systematic and critical review. www.LSRC.ac.uk: Learning and Skills Research Centre. Retrieved January 15, 2008: Keefe, J. W. (1979) Learning style: An overview. In NASSPs Student learning styles: Diagnosing and proscribing programs (pp. 1-17). Reston, VA. National Association of Secondary School Principles. Marzano, R. J. (1998). A theory-based meta-analysis of research on instruction. Mid-continent Regional Educational Laboratory, Aurora, CO. Merrill, D. (2000). Instructional Strategies and Learning Styles: Which takes Precedence? In Robert Reiser and Jack Dempsey (Eds.) Trends and Issues in Instructional Technology. Prentice Hall. Hayman-Abello S.E. Warriner E.M. (2002). Child clinical/pediatric neuropsychology: some recent advances. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 309-339. Stewart, K. L., Felicetti, L. A. (1992). Learning styles of marketing majors. Educational Research Quarterly, 15(2), 15-23. Gracia, Jorge J. E. (1988) Individuality: An Essay on the Foundations of Metaphysics. State Univ. of New York Press.

Human vs. Other Organisms Essay

Horse3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Donkey3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Common zebra3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Pig, cow, sheep3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Dog3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Gray whale3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Rabbit3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Kangaroo3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Chicken, turkey3: Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine Penguin4: Isoleucine, Valine, Glutamine, 0 Pekin duck2: Valine, Glutamine Snapping turtle3: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine Rattlesnake4: Serine, Glycine, Threonine Bullfrog4: Valine, Glutamine, Alanine, Cysteine Tuna4: Alanine, Valine, Glutamine, Asparagine Screwfly fly5: Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine Silkworm moth8: Asparagine, Alanine, Asparagine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine, Alanine Tomato horn worm9: Asparagine, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Asparagine, Valine, Glutamine, Arginine, Alanine, Alanine Wheat10: Asparagine, Proline, Aspartic acid, Alanine, Alanine, Lysine, Threonine, Alanine, Aspartic acid, Alanine Rice9: Asparagine, Proline, Lysine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Threonine, Alanine, Aspartic acid Baker’s Yeast11: Serine, Alanine, Lysine, Alanine, Threonine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Glutamic acid, Leucine Candida Yeast13: Serine, Alanine, Lysine, Alanine, Threonine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Isoleucine, Alanine Neurospora14: Serine, Lysine, Alanine, Asparagine, Leucine, Lysine, Threonine, Arginine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Glycine Reflection Questions: Summarize your amino acid comparison in paragraph form. To guide your summary, reflect on the following questions. 1.What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code? It means that all extinct organisms have all the same genetic code. 2.How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? The near-universal genetic code is that all extant things share some type of common ancestor. 3.How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the â€Å"RNA World† hypothesis, essential to the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth? They reproduce, and could have been formed through abiotic chemistry on the early Earth. 4.How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to determine how closely related different species are? The more alike the letters are in a species, the more recent the ancestor was. If the ancestor was recent then the more alike the two different species will be. 5.Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical coding sequence. What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and chimpanzees and most distantly related? Explain your answer

Workplace Violence Essay - 1102 Words

Workplace Violence July 21, 2006 was a day just like any other. Elartrice â€Å"Marcell† Ingram reported to work at 8:00 a.m. as usual. His associate in the seafood department reported everything was fine with no evidence of trouble, but by the end of the day Elartrice had stabbed seven coworkers at the Cordova Schnucks in Memphis, TN. He was found guilty by reason of insanity and a little over a year later his doctors testify that he is ready to be released with family supervision. His victims still have concern that it has not been long enough and that he may snap again. Is this considered to be workplace violence? In 2007 in Charlotte, North Carolina an employee who admitted to his family that he had been harassed by†¦show more content†¦These violent acts include homicide, forcible sex offenses, kidnapping, assault, robbery, menacing, reckless endangerment, harassment, disorderly conduct, berating language, physical or verbal threats or vandalism of personal property. Most incidents are not recorded so it is difficult to determine exactly how many there are, but when we look at who is vulnerable we find that over two million American workers experience violence in the workplace. It can happen to anyone, anywhere, and at anytime. Some of the areas that are at risk are high stress environments, places that involve the public, and places where money is handled. An analysis of where workplace violence occurs by the Labor Department revealed the statistics below. Taxi Driving 23% Tavern/Liquor Stores 19% Convenience Stores 17% Fast Food Restaurants 12% Health Care Faciliti es 10% Business Offices 6% Government Offices 5% Police Work 4% Post Office 3% School 1% Source: O’Connor (1997) Mishandling of terminations, changes in behavior, making common threats, conflicts with employees, emotional outburst and history of frequency job changes have been identified as indicators by the FBI as onsets of workplace violence. The Government leaves it up to the employers to provide a safe workingShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Violence And The Workplace2844 Words   |  12 PagesWorkplace Violence statics across the United States of America have been on a steady rise each year since the early 1990’s. Reports have consistently shown in recent years that than an average of 500 homicides and 1.5 million assaults occur each year in America, in the workplace. With those types of statics on the rise in America it’s clear that a Workplace Violence Program is essential to the health, welfare, safety, and security of our employees in the workplace. When enacting a Workplace ViolenceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1145 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace viole nce definition OSHA Fact Sheet (2012) states â€Å" workplace violence is a violence or the threat of violence against workers† (p.1). Workplace violence causes serious harm to employees or homicide that can lead to deaths. Act in any kind of shapes and forms such as: physical threat, threatening behavior, intention of assault and battery, verbal abuse, beating, stabbing, rape, shooting, being followed, psychological trauma, suicide, treat or obscene phone call/text, intimidation. WorkplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence is present in every nook and cranny of corporate America, affecting millions of Americans every year. Workplace violence is defined by the Occupational Safety Health Administration, OSHA, as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. In 2011, there were over 2 two million reports and claims of workplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1396 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace violence Workplace violence can be any act of physical violence, threats of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening, disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. Workplace violence can affect or involve employees, visitors, contractors, and other non-Federal employees. A number of different actions in the work environment can trigger or cause workplace violence. It may even be the result of non-work-related situations such as domestic violence or â€Å"road rageRead MoreWorkplace Violence In The Workplace1071 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION: Violence in the workplace has become a major safety and health issue. Workplace violence is not limited to homicide. This type of violence includes behaviors and circumstances that threaten an employee s physical safety; such as: verbal threats, sexual or physical harassment, coercion, behavior changes, intimidation, stalking, telephone/email harassment, and history of aggression. â€Å"Workplace violence incidents have tripled in the last decade, and it is now the fastest-growing categoryRead MoreWorkplace Violence10377 Words   |  42 PagesUNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 5-1-2002 Workplace violence: A case study Robert F. White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation White, Robert F., Workplace violence: A case study (2002). UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 522. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/522 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses/Read MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreWorkplace Violence2432 Words   |  10 PagesWORKPLACE VIOLENCE: A FORCE OF OVERALL CONCERN Adell Newman-Lee Criminology-CJ102-D04 December 3, 2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: †¢ Crime and violence †¢ Workplace violence a major concern †¢ The three entities involved II STATISTICS †¢ The Bureau of Justice Statistics †¢ Statistics from 1992 to 1996 †¢ National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE †¢ Responsibility of Law EnforcementRead More Workplace Violence Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Violence Workplace violence is a phenomenon that is now widely recognized as a social problem, which impacts all organizations. According to Department of Justice statistics for 1995, 21% of all violent crime occurred while the victim was either at work or traveling to or from work. Workplace Violence accounted for more than two (2) million violent Crimes annually from 1992-1997 (Kaufer 1-2). In this research paper I will provide an overview of workplace violenceRead MoreEssay on Workplace Violence620 Words   |  3 PagesWorkplace Violence Workplace violence can be defined as any action that can threaten the safety of an employee, impact the employees psychological or physical well being, or cause damage to a companys property. Workplace violence is not often talked about, but it does kill people. In the last decade it has become one of the leading causes of deaths in the workplace. The University

Internet Censorship of Child Porngraphy Essay - 977 Words

â€Å"They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.†- Benjamin Franklin. Technically speaking, internet censorship is difficult to achieve. Proponents of this measure seem to have neglected the fact that putting in place a system of surveillance requires the establishment of clear, unalterable rules. But often, such a task can be almost unfeasible since it is quite problematical to define precisely the information that is supposed to be blocked. In the context of hate speech for example, it is important to acknowledge the existence of a line between criticism, whether it is constructive or not, and pure animosity. How can we know for sure that the server will identify accurately†¦show more content†¦When it comes to legal videos that may be inappropriate, the team instantly resorts to age-restriction. Both of these internet giants encourage free speech while supervising it and immediately removing content that is clearly offensive to the general public. This concept of self-regulation is a good alternative to extensive Internet censorship, since the website only has its own contents to focus on, rather than having an entire system of surveillance watching over the web, with the risk of it making errors in the process. Most importantly, the main idea behind these guidelines is not censorship, but moral, reasonable control. We should not let the government interfere and impose its draconian laws. Censorship is nothing but a violation of fundamental civil rights, starting with freedom of speech. By defying the First Law of Amendment (reference), internet surveillance will only give the government greater power to run our lives. Without our free will and autonomy, we are helpless, incapable of making a change. The Internet is a place that promotes freedom, in all its forms. Web surfers connect to each other and share their ideas for the world to read. Above all, they become fearless. They stop thinking about who could stop them because they know that they are united, in this huge yet intimate world. Anarchists from all over the world come together and send their support

The Second Wave - 1158 Words

Some accomplishments of the second wave were the reform of states divorce laws and federal legislation that mandated equal pay and equal education opportunities. Furthermore, this wave is split into two branches: liberal and radical. Radicals sought to address causes of the oppression of women. Liberal feminists worked in existing institutions systems under the assumption that the institutions themselves were not useless. Thus, their goal was to equalize, not to replace or transform. During WWII especially, women replaced nearly six million men who were across the ocean. Women appeared in factories and manufacturing places and even organized a national baseball league. This is right about when the figure â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† became a†¦show more content†¦While there were still many sexist things going on, particularly in the southern states, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed. At this time, women still earned  ½ of what their male coworkers were making doing t he same job. This act looked to eliminate pay differences in the workplace based on sex. Many people held the popular belief that a man should be the primary provider for his family. Even today, women get paid less than men if it isn t a government job. The 70’s benefited the movement, especially in film and entertainment. One of the highest rated sitcoms of the 70’s was the Mary Tyler Moore Show, whose main character was a single, hardworking woman who ended her engagement and moved to the city independently. During this decade, mainstream movies and tv prorams started to portray strong, independent female characters. Although women have come a long way since the sufferate movement, there are ways to go still. Many people arguing that the biggest differences between men and women were a result of social influences, not inherited traits. Women are just as capable of succeeding in business. The biological differences between men and women is O’Halloran 4 extrememly small, and even the biological traits should have little if any effect on the law. The government should not be making any career decisions for women. Laws should

Week Presentation Notes Free Essays

People with psych problems Like depression and anxiety have Increased likely hood of â€Å"bad trips† Hallucinogenic Properties: -Hallucinations (no rope on table, but a snake is on the table) -Illusion (rope on table is a snake) -Delusions (fixed false belief) -Interrogated Amnesia (Wake up next day, can not remember what happened) – Kinesthesia (crossing of the senses, see sounds, hear colors etc†¦ ) Hallucinogens and Brain Chemicals -Serotonin (5-HTH Receptor) -Some effect on dopamine, nor-epinephrine, acetylene’s) sleep, Serotonin depleted brain afterward Physical Effects Increased Blood Pressure/Heart Rate -Inseminating -Blurred Vision -Enlarged Pupils -Sweating -Diarrhea -Muscle Cramps -Dehydration After effects of usage: -Confusion -Fatigue -Depression -Damaged Serotonin Neurons (with frequent abuse) Serotonin depletion (For next 2 weeks) Includes numbness in emotions LSI – 1938 Sand’s Pharmaceuticals FBI tested as a mind control drug in sass Timothy Leary, sass way to get in touch with your feelings sass resurgence of use, with the advent of the rave (urban people in ass/ass, and homosexuals) sass much more into high school/teenage use Northern California is where most USA LSI made in alcohol type solution, put it on blotter paper 1 1 lbs of material can supply the entire country Slows reaction times and Judgment, suicide in bad trips, confusion causes suicide also. Ecstasy The most popular drug currently, mix of amphetamine and psychedelic, sass use for weight loss. SASS psychiatrist studied use in treatment of PATS, patients reported it helped them get in tough with their feelings and explore the traumas DEAD in mid sass outlawed it sass rave scene Effects; Energy, empathy, love, dance, sexual desire southwest raves, 2-3 day long dances, 2-3 people die from temp issue Not taken then sat on couch or as only drug at the same time Mostly pill form. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Presentation Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now No regulation, made in homemade lab, no idea what is in it, sometimes put ephedrine, or PC. Sometimes just pure chalk. Unpredictable, next day very depressed/suicidal, tolerance, mental ere high, physically not so much. Astatine, anesthetic, put you out of surgery, vets use it, most of the time people steal from medical. Euphoria, no pain, lots of amnesia, used as date rape drug PC also anesthetic, not usually used in medicine anymore, unpredictable, bizarre behavior, very hard to titrated the dose, from pleasant to seizures etc.. Aggression and suicide Are they addictive, generally more psychological addictive then physical, but do have some physical. Can they cause psych disorders? Thought about cause of psychotic disorders or dementia, it is possible, there is a higher risk Main danger is the increase in teenage use, 1 in 10 have used in the last month, they are cheap, easy to hide, don’t realize the seriousness of the drugs. Are they treatable? No med BUT treatment centers do treat. Usually go because of another drug. Change of lifestyle is important for treatment, no more raves or clubs it is easier to abstain. Controversy of Astatine in psychiatry, can give for acute suicidal, immediate assistance. Can divert a lot of hospitalizing for suicidal ideation. Can be opening Pander’s box, mainly because of drug seeking. Inhalants Todd Clement, MD Adolescent and Adult Psychiatrist Inhalant abuse, 1000 commonly used household items also laughing gas, sometimes even gasoline vapors! Active ingredient is Talking, very damaging to the brain, very cheap to obtain or have around the house. Dangerous for children How it’s Done -Sniffing (directly from container) -Huffing (soaking rag and then putting in mouth, socks, gloves) -Bagging (spray in bag then breath in) -Ballooning (in Balloon similar to bagging) -Spraying (spray into mouth into the throat) -Sleeking (spray it or pour it into cuff, and can use throughout the day) 12-17 largest users, 4th most abused substance (behind alcohol, nicotine, marijuana) in 4 High School say they have used, 1 in 10 8th graders have tried What made you start? A friend or older kid talked into it Hispanic kids particular at risk, and Kids that spend a lot of time home alone Children/teens don’t usually note the risk Young adults also use, low social-economic status and less educated, may be because they are a cheap high â€Å"Quick Drunk† few seconds to get to brain Mental Effects -Mood Elevation -Reduced Inhibitions -Excitement -Impulsiveness -â€Å"out of Body’ experiences -Drowsiness/laryngitis -Dizziness -Slurred Speech -Balance Problems Dreamy stupor at high doses- violent or suicidal High lasts only about 30 minutes After use irritable headache tired DANGERS -Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome (Suffocation/Asphyxiation, displace 02 in brain) – Asphyxia from vomiting -Coma -Seizures -Suicide -Brain Damage (brain uses 25% of 02 supply, cutting off even for a few minutes will kill cells) Sends signal to heart, so increase Blood flow (increased HER and BP), small capillaries will pop from surge, then 3-4 cells di e since that is the only feed for them. Outline: Is the toxic substances, can destroy the mainline sheath, that helps it work eight, like electrical lines and there coverings, Brain looks like an MS patients, Can damage hearing vision and cerebellum (destroys balance) Nitrates: sometime also toxic substances 12-17 brain still develops, so can derail developments Brain damage, hearing loss, sense of smell, damage speech, heart attack, Nausea/ Vomiting, Liver damage, kidney damage, Bad pain quickly, not Just 12-17 years old getting addicted, Dental Field or Anesthesiologist abuse nitrous, Long Term Effects – Permanent Memory Problems, dementia at early age, effects hippo-campus (helps consolidate memories) Tremors Balance Problems Emotional Instability Can it be treated, yes BUT, most treatment centers don like, due to failure rate, and long term recovery needs, really a gateway for other use How can I keep my Child safe? Know what is in your house, keep it out of there reach and keep an inventory, educate your children of dangers, know what they are doing especially if they are home alone ALTO, know where they are spending their money Bottom line, know your kids and watch them Patient with problems, encourage them to get help, intensive outpatient treatment is good. How do I know if my child is using? Chemical odor on breath/clothes -Rags or empty aerosol cans -Paint Stains on clothes/body -slurred speech/poor balance, appearing drunk -change in personality -Change in Grades Prescription Drug Abuse Michael R. Eyeless, MD Eyeless and Crawford Consulting ACE Addictions and Recovery Series This is probably the one that goes to church on Sundays. How to cite Week Presentation Notes, Papers

Important Role of Accounting Standards-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are to report on the processes used to make changes to Australian accounting standards. You will find a lot of information here at the AASB web site to get you started. Answer: Introduction Accounting plays very important role in the success of every business. Without the accounting no company can run smoothly and effectively. To maintain the accounting on uniform basis, the accounting standards board has been developed and it provides the guidelines as to how the accounting will be done and presented to the users of the financial statements with appropriate disclosures. In the given report, the main aim is to identify and ascertain how accounting standard is changed and what pushes the accounting board to change the accounting standard. With this aim, the report has been started with the executive summary detailing the aims of the report. Thereafter, the literature review has been conducted and detailed. In this it is mentioned as how Australian Accounting Standard Board incorporates the changes if any made by the International Accounting Standards and how the local issues specific to the country is considered by the respective accounting standard board has been detail ed. In the second part, the light has been focused on the Exposure Draft of Australian Accounting Standard 116 and it has been detailed as to how the same have impacted the accounting of companies and how it has majorly affected the companies with the high exposure to manufacturing companies. Thereafter, the report has been ended up with the proper conclusion and the appropriate recommendation. Literature Review With this literature review, the process relating to changes in the accounting standards has been explained and the discussion has been mainly for the Australian Accounting Standards and how it incorporates the changes of International Accounting Standards and also change according to the local issues of Australia itself. Australian Accounting Standard How AASB Incorporate changes to International Accounting Standard AASB is defined as the Australian Accounting Standard Board which sets the accounting standards prevalent and mandatory for the companies operating in Australia. As per the accounting principles, financial statements of all the companies whether operating within Australia or outside the Australia, shall be inconsistent with the International Financial Reporting Standards so as to give uniformity in the prepared financial statements of the companies (AASB, 2017). At the very first, when the Australian Board has adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards as the Accounting Standards, the Australian Accounting Standard Board has accepted the accounting standard with few modifications with deleting the extra disclosures and adding some options. The first adoption has been started in the year of two thousand and five and thereafter the process of adoption has started with the modifications. But in the year of two thousand and seven, the Australian Accounting Standard has decided to adopt the International Financial Reporting Standard as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board as it is without any reductions but have decided to adopt them with the additional disclosure requirements (Zeff and Nobes, 2010). The Australian Accounting Standard Board has the defined standard setting process. The process starts with the identification of the issue which has come across the business community and the other communities at large as to how the same is required to be dealt with the accounting purpose and the preparation of the financial statements thereon. Although there are three ways through which the technical issues are addressed. In this heading, two ways have been discussed. First is the identification of technical issue by the International Accounting Standards Board or the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretations Committee. The Australian Accounting Standard has adopted the International Accounting Standards in the year of two thousand and five and accordingly if any technical issue arises from the International Accounting Standard Board, it gets included in the Australian Accounting Standard Board and gets embedded in the Work program. The work of the Australian Accou nting Standard Board is that it closely monitors the activities of the International Accounting Standard Board and considers the relevant issue accordingly. The second way through which the technical issue of consideration is defined is that the Australian Accounting Standard Board itself identifies the issues and these are normally identified by the staff and members of the accounting standard board. Thereafter, the issue so identified is referred to the International Accounting Standard Board or the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee for the consideration. The second that comes into place is the adding of issue to the agenda of the meeting when it will be held (AASB, 2017). The adding of issue to the agenda will help the board members and the staff to discuss the issues in detail in conjunction with the happenings at the International Accounting Standards Board and forward the issue for further. The third stage that comes into picture is to research the ad vantages and disadvantages of the issue and disclosing whether the same will be in benefit for the country or not like in order to have the relevant financial information the accounting standard one hundred and one on presentation of the financial statements have been issued so as to equip the users of the same to have more and more information of the company. After researching about the issue and considering the same in detail, the issue is then made available to the stakeholders, business communities, Government and other individuals in the form of the Exposure Draft (Gordon and Gallery, 2012). Stakeholders are defined as the persons or group of persons including the body corporate and the artificial judicial person who are concerned with the issues and in normal terms have stake in the issue. Through this exposure draft, all the stakeholders including the Government give their suggestions on each and every clause that is mentioned in the exposure draft and each and every suggesti on of the stakeholders are discussed in detailed (Nobes 2011 and Nobes 2012). After having the due discussion and consideration of the issues of the stakeholders and their suggestions also, the Australian Accounting Standard Board issues the Accounting Standard. One stage is also there after consulting with the stakeholders and before finalizing it as the accounting standard. This stage includes the reference to the International Accounting Standards Board. Simultaneously if the International Accounting Standards Board passes all the discussion and the arguments then the accounting standard is made applicable with all the necessary modifications as per the need of the stakeholders and necessary modifications made by the International Accounting Standards Board (Christenen, 2015 and Stoddart, 2011). In this manner, the Australian Accounting Standard Board incorporates changes to International Accounting standards into the Australian Accounting Standards so as to bring the uniformity in the preparation and presentation of the financial statements across the globe (Tutticci, 2014). How AASB incorporate Australian issues to Accounting Standards: In this heading the third way as to how the Australian accounting standard is developed and made applicable for the business community of Australia is discussed. Under this, the identical issue is identified by the companies and the organizations of the Australia including the individuals who are working under the proprietary firms. They provide the Australian Accounting Standard Board with the issue which they are facing in the accounting treatment of some transactions like how to value the property plant and equipment and how much useful life shall be taken so as to depreciate the value of the asset over the period of time. These local issues are addressed by the Australian Accounting Standard Board in the same manner in which they have themselves identified the technical issue. They again made the issues and draft of the Australian accounting standard available to the stakeholders including the Government and individu als as to come up with the proper suggestion and the considerations (AASB, 2017 and Hail, 2010). After having the due considerations and suggestions, the Australian accounting standard board incorporates the same into the accounting standard and made it applicable from that date only. Report Impact On Accounting Accounting Standards are backbone of every entitys accounting to maintain the uniformity in Financial Reporting. Every country has its own accounting standards which have been originated from International Accounting standard with certain changes to it according to the geographical and economical condition of that particular country. Accounting treatment defines in the Accounting Standards has to be complied by entity while doing accounting in relation to the item for which Accounting Standard formed. Any change in Accounting Standard results in change in accounting treatment and thus, accounting of an entity also changes. One of the major examples to analyze this change has been taken into consideration in preparation of this report i.e. Australian Accounting Standard Board 116 / International Accounting Standard Board 116 (SACE, 2011). Changes in IAS 116/ AASB 116 AASB 116/ IAS 116 deals with Property, Plant Equipment and it helps the different users of accounting to understand the funds invested by an entity in its Fixed Assets- Property, Plant Equipment. This standard provides the accounting treatment for major portion of investment of an entity on this basis the different users are able to ascertain the security level of their interest in the entity. This standard provides how much will be the carrying amount of Property, Plant Equipment and how much is the depreciation on them along with the impairment calculation on that asset at a particular point of time AASB 116/ IAS 116 have coverage on the major portion of the accounting of any entity and any changes in these Standard impacts the major accounting treatment and accounting policies of any company. Changes in AASB 116/ IAS 116 not only impact the accounting treatment related Property, Plant Equipment but also impacts all the accounting policies related to other incidental things to Fixed Assets in any organization (AASB 116, 2017). As per Exposure Draft for Amendment in AASB 116 on the basis of IAS 116 changes is about the treatment of sale price of items produced from property, plant equipment during testing phase of that equipment or plant. The IAS 116 has amended the treatment of sales proceeds from capital receipts to revenue receipts by not allowing the same from deduction of cost of asset rather showing them as revenue receipts in Income statement Impact On Countries Changes in International Accounting Standard and its incorporation in any countries accounting standard has impacted the economic operations in any country and also the major operations of big industries in that country. The Accounting Standard Board of the particular country has to think about the pros and cons of changes before their incorporation in accounting standard in that country according the working condition and financial condition of the country. Exposure to Manufacturing Operations Manufacturing Industries covers more than 50% of the industries in any country and Property, Plant Equipment are the major and main item in the Financial Report of any manufacturing company. Any changes to Property, Plant Equipment has high impact on the accounting policy of the manufacturing company and thus effect the manufacturing operations of the company and in turn effect the overall manufacturing industry in any country. The proposed change which has been done by IASB in ascertainment of cost of property, plant equipment has high impact on the value of Property, Plant Equipment which has been shown in the Financial Report of Manufacturing Company. With the exclusion of the sales proceeds the cost of Property, Plant Equipment in particular company has increased the value of the Assets. The net worth of that company will increase results in more funds from the investors and inclusion high and new technologies in manufacturing operations of that company (Ahmed, 2013). Also, by considering the sales proceeds in testing period increases the revenue of that particular year and the manufacturing company can use this revenue in doing the operating expenses of that year which enables the manufacturing company to have more profits that can ploughed back in the business next year. All this changes will help in manufacturing industry to grow in the particular country. Proposed Changes The proposed changes by IASB in International Accounting Standard have framed keeping in mind the economical and financial condition of world as a whole. The requirement of different users from Financial Report and understandability from Financial Report about the particular item enables the IASB member to identify the need for changes in accounting standard and account policy of any particular item (CPA, 2015). International Standards or National Standard The environmental and economical condition has being changing with the passage of time and changes in accounting standard are also necessary. As the time passes, accounting people who do accounting understand the flaws in the accounting standard and try to misuse them procedures by doing manipulation and misguide the different users of accounting data and influenced their decisions indirectly. As change in treatment of income earned during testing period change the accounting and economic event in relation to cost of assets to be recognized in the books of account which saves the manipulation of done by different accounting professionals in the showing the low costs of Property plant equipment. The consideration of income earned during testing period as revenue income also helps the users to understand the clearly the testing period length along with non occurrence of this revenue over other period and helps the stakeholders to take efficient and effective decisions in relation to P PE (AASB 116, 2017 and Street, 2012). Accounting Standards of Australian country has be formed in compatibility with International Accounting Standard and implemented with the motive to make Australian companies financial statement comparable and meaningful across the Globe. Any changes in International Standard made it necessary to changes Australian Accounting Standard so that Australian standard are compatible with International standard and the information can be used by any users from any country. Conclusion Accounting Standards are the guiding tool for the organizations to maintain their financial statements in true and fair manner so that the users of the financial statements can have better view of the functioning of the company. Through this report the adoption of accounting standards have been detailed along with them process as how the same is bought into consideration and the made available for the users. Secondly the light has been thrown on the accounting standard 116 on the Property plant and Equipment. To conclude the report has been the detailed one with all the relevant facts and procedures. It is recommended to have the consideration of the International Accounting Standards in the country specific standards so as to give uniformity on the preparation and presentation of the financial statements. References AASB, 2017, Official Website available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/ accessed on 18/08/2017 AASB, 2017, Standard Setting Process available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/About-the-AASB/The-standard-setting-process.aspx accessed on 18/08/2017 AASB 116, 2014, Property Plant and Equipment available at https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2005B00678 accessed on 16/08/2017 AASB 116, 2015, Property Plant and Equipment available at https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=500099 accessed on 16/08/2017 AASB 116, 2016, Property Plant and Equipment available at https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017C00296/Download accessed on 16/08/2017 AASB 116, 2017, Exposure Draft Property Plant and Equipment available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/ accessed on 18/08/2017. AASB 116, Property Plant and Equipment Fact Sheet available at https://www.johnwiley.com.au/highered/aas2e/content029/fact_sheets/AASB116_ch10.pdf accessed on 16/08/2017 Ahmed A, 2013, Does Mandatory adoption of IFRS Improve accounting quality, Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), pp 1348 1365. Christenen B, 2015, Incentives or Standards. What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption? European Accounting Review, 24(1), pp 33-58 CPA, 2015, IAS 16 - Property Plant and Equipment available at https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ifrs-factsheets/factsheet-ias16-property-plant-and-equipment.pdf?la=en accessed on 16/08/2017 Gordon, I. and Gallery, N., 2012. Assessing financial reporting comparability across institutional settings: The case of pension accounting.The British Accounting Review,44(1), pp.11-20 Hail, L, 2010. Global accounting convergence and the potential adoption of IFRS by the US (Part II): Political factors and future scenarios for US accounting standards.Accounting Horizons,24(4), pp.567-588 IAS, 2017, Financial Reporting Framework in Australia, available at https://www.iasplus.com/en/jurisdictions/oceania/australia accessed on 19/08/2017. Nobes, C., 2011. Accounting classification in the IFRS era.Australian Accounting Review,18(3), pp.191-198. Nobes, C., 2012. Auditors' affirmations of compliance with IFRS around the world: An exploratory study.Accounting Perspectives,7(4), pp.279-292. SACE, 2011, Asset Accounting Policy Statement, available at https://www.sace.sa.edu.au/documents/652891/e3c3644b-109e-404a-af87-2a114bb6651e accessed on 19/08/2017. Street, D.L., 2012. IFRS in the United States: If, when and how.Australian accounting review,22(3), pp.257-274. Stoddart, E.K., 2011. Political influences in changes to setting Australian accounting standards.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,11(6), pp.713-740 Tutticci, I., 2014. Respondent lobbying in the Australian accounting standard-setting process: ED49a case study.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,7(2), pp.86-104. Zeff, S.A. and Nobes, C.W., 2010. Commentary: Has Australia (or any other jurisdiction)adoptedIFRS?.Australian Accounting Review,20(2), pp.178-184.